2. HISTOIRE DE MARRAKECH
3. JARDINS DE MARRAKECH
AL-ANDALUS
- Valérian, D. (dir.) (2011): Islamisation et arabisation de l'occident musulman médiéval (VIIe-XIIe siècle), Publications de la Sorbonne, http://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/2498
- 11th C al-Andalus: Almoravids, Spain then and now, http://www.spainthenandnow.com/spanish-history/11th-c-al-andalus-almoravids/default_146.aspx
- Jellicoe, P. C. (2011): The art of Islamic Spain, The Islamic Arts&Architecture, http://islamic-arts.org/2011/the-art-of-islamic-spain/
- Noble, J. (2012): Islamic Architecture of Andalusia, http://islamic-arts.org/2012/islamic-architecture-of-andalusia-2/
- Lunde, P. (2012): The Giralda (La Giralda), http://islamic-arts.org/2012/the-giralda/
- Morocco, Discover Islamic Art: http://www.discoverislamicart.org/pclist_all.php?begin=0&lang=en&country=ma
- Zaimeche, S., Al-Hassani, S., Lamaan, B.: History, Culture and Science in Morocco: 11th-14th Centuries, http://muslimheritage.com/article/history-culture-and-science-morocco-11th-14th-centuries
- Dodds, J. D. (ed.) (1992): Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain#
- Kacem, A. (2013): Al-Andalus : vestiges d'une utopie, Riveneuve, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=more_results
- Lagardère, V. (1999): Les Almoravides : le djihad andalou (1106-1143), L'Harmattan, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=more_results
- Clancy-Smith, J. (ed.) (2001): North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World: From the Almoravids to the Algerian War, Frank Cass Publishers, (aperçu Google Books: https://goo.gl/wlBtyC)
- Sinclair, S. (2012): Bibliography of Art and Architecture in the Islamic World (aperçu Google Books, https://goo.gl/xRsdo9)
- Al-Andalus, https://fr.scribd.com/document/71925847/HIST351-4-1-Al-Andalus
- Terrasse, H. (1955): L'art de l'empire almoravide: ses sources et son évolution, Studia Islamica, https://www.dropbox.com/s/r5f6b9jpbj0ea6p/1595100.pdf?dl=0
- UNESCO (2001): The Routes of al-Andalus: spiritual convergence and intercultural dialogue http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001144/114426eo.pdf (version française: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001144/114426fo.pdf)
- Rogozen-Soltar, M. (2007): Al-Andalus in Andalusia: Negotiating Moorish History and Regional Identity in Southern Spain, Anthropological Quartely,
https://www.unr.edu/Documents/liberal-arts/anthropology/Rogozen-Soltar/AQ.pdf - Maye-Saidi Katherine (2007): The historical al-Andalus in Spanish and Moroccan secondary school history books, History of Education and Children's Literature, https://www.academia.edu/13746519/The_historical_al-Andalus_in_Spanish_and_Moroccan_secondary_school_history_books?auto=download
Wikipedia
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- Al-Andalous, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus
- Almoravid Koubba, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoravid_Koubba
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HISTOIRE DE MARRAKECH
- Morocco, The History Files, http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsAfrica/AfricaMorocco.htm
- UNESCO: Medina of Marrakesh, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/331
Articles en pdf
- Bigio, A. G. (2010): The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation. The Case of Marrakesh, The World Bank, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCHD/Resources/430063-1287519198659/Marrakesh.pdf
- Rabitateddine, M.: Marrakech Almoravide. Naissance d'une métropole medievale, en occident musulman, http://www.wissensraum-mittelmeer.org/mediapool/94/948361/data/WEM_Web_Marrakech_Almoravide_2_Rabitateddine_.pdf
Livres imprimés
- El Faïz, M. (2002): Marrakech : Patrimoine en péril, Actes Sud, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=more_results
- Sluglett, P., Currie, A. (2014): Atlas of Islamic History, (aperçu Google Books: https://goo.gl/ahRi43)
- Messier, R. A. The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad (aperçu Google Books. https://goo.gl/GDUWFX) (disponibilité?)
Wikipedia
- History of Marrakesh, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Marrakesh
- Marrakesh, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrakesh
- Almoravides, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almoravides
- Almohads, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate
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SEPT SAINTS
- Les 7 Saints de Marrakech, le culte Sebaâtou Rijales, Made in Marrakech, https://www.madein-marrakech.com/fr/article-les-7-saints-de-marrakech-le-culte-sebaatou-rijales-1906.html
- Khan, M.: Untold Marrakesh: The Seven Saints, Sacred Footsteps, http://www.sacredfootsteps.org/2015/05/16/untold-marrakesh-the-seven-saints/
- Allilou, A. (2014): Who Are the Seven Immortalized “Saints” of Marrakesh?, http://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/12/146817/who-are-the-seven-immortalized-saints-of-marrakesh/
- Sacred Sites of Morocco, https://sacredsites.com/africa/morocco/sacred_sites_of_morocco.html
- Naji, A.: The Secrets of Marrakesh Seven Men, Wall Street International, http://wsimag.com/culture/20073-the-secrets-of-marrakesh-seven-men
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MOUTAMID IBN ABBAD
Wikipedia
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MOUTAMID IBN ABBAD
- Riad Dar Aghmat (2012): Aghmat, un site archéologique niché au pied de l’Atlas, https://darzampa.wordpress.com/2012/06/02/112/
Wikipedia
- Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_ibn_Abbad
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JARDINS
- The Gardens of Marrakech, Interview with Mohammed El Faïz, SGI Quarterly, http://www.sgiquarterly.org/feature2008Jly-10.html
- Parcs et jardins de Marrakech, Made in Marrakech, https://www.madein-marrakech.com/fr/parcs-et-jardins.html
- Dans les jardins de Marrakech, Atlantico, http://www.atlantico.fr/rdv/atlantico-grand-large/dans-jardins-marrakech-quentin-desurmont-critique-tourisme-voyage-1639831.html
- An Oasis Of Calm: The Historical Gardens Of Marrakech, ChicRiads, http://theculturetrip.com/africa/morocco/articles/an-oasis-of-calm-the-historical-gardens-of-marrakech/
- Résultats de Workshop atelier/terrain 2004 Marrakech, Université Montréal, http://www.unesco-paysage.umontreal.ca/fr/recherches-et-projets/workshop-atelier-terrain-marrakech-2004
- Horizons maghrebins. La droit à la mémoire: Paysages et jardins des méditerranéens (2001), (aperçu Google books: https://goo.gl/0NYmbo)
- Histoire du Jardin Majorelle, http://www.jardinmajorelle.com/histoire-du-jardin-majorelle/
- Clark, E. (2011): The Symbolism of the Islamic Garden, http://islamic-arts.org/2011/the-symbolism-of-the-islamic-garden/
- García Arenal, M. (2014): Al-Andalus et l’Espagne. La trajectoire d’un débat, IRMC, http://books.openedition.org/irmc/435
- Jardin Ménara, http://www.jardin-menara.com/historique/
- Lofty, S. (2005): Les espaces verts de la cité ocre méritent une attention particulière : Promenade dans les jardins historiques de Marrakech, Le Matin, http://lematin.ma/journal/2005/Les-espaces-verts-de-la-cite-ocre-meritent-une-attention-particuliere--Promenade-dans-les-jardins-historiques-de-Marrakech/49435.html#sthash.NtgXGgtn.dpuf
- Les jardins de Marrakech : le jardin El Harti, Made in Marrakech, https://www.madein-marrakech.com/fr/article-les-jardins-de-marrakech-le-jardin-el-harti-1204.html
- S.A.R. la Princesse Lalla Hasnaa préside une réunion du comité de suivi du programme de sauvegarde de la palmeraie de Marrakech, Le Matin, http://lematin.ma/journal/2014/sar-la-princesse-lalla-hasnaa-preside-une-reunion-du-comite-de-suivi--du-programme-de-sauvegarde-de-la-palmeraie-de-marrakech/201300.html#sthash.kwsXtR8S.dpuf
Wikipedia
- Jardin Majorelle, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_Majorelle
- Jardins de l'Agdal, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardins_de_l%27Agdal
- Jardin Arsat Moulay Abdessalam, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_Arsat_Moulay_Abdessalam
- Ménara (jardin). https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9nara_(jardin)
- Jardin islamique, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_islamique
Articles en pdf
- El Faïz, M., Ruf, T. (version de travail): Quels enjeux de développement pour les systèmes de khettara (galeries drainantes) au Maroc ? http://www.raddo.org/ressourcotheque/files/enjeux-et-dy-veloppement-khettaras-maroc-el-Faiz-Ruf-2006.pdf
- ICOMOS: Les patrimoines culturels de l'eau. Les patrimoines culturels de l'eau du Moyen-Orient et au Maghreb, http://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/World_Heritage/CH%20of%20water_201507_opt.pdf
- Pordany-Horvath C. (2004): La genèse des jardins en islam et les jardins historique de Marrakech, http://www.unesco-paysage.umontreal.ca/uploads/documents/jardin_scsilla1.pdf
- Office national marocain du tourisme: Marrakech: jardins et arsats, http://visitmarrakech.ma/data/jardin.pdf
Livres imprimés
- El Faïz, M., Bendaoud, R. (2000): Jardins de Marrakech, Actes Sud, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16352
Cet ouvrage est le premier livre consacré à l'ensemble des jardins historiques de Marrakech. Il aborde la vitalité d'un art qui, depuis sa naissance au Moyen Age, n'a cessé d'évoluer et de faire preuve d'une surprenante créativité. Il s'agit au départ d'un texte d'investigation et de recherche. Le lecteur intéressé par les images pourra trouver dans les légendes un guide lui permettant d'embrasser, depuis leur origine, les différents styles de l'art des jardins à Marrakech. Mettre l'élégance de l'image et de la force suggestive au service d'un texte qui a l'ambition d'éveiller une ville à son patrimoine écologique, tel fut le pari de ce livre. Son auteur appelle à une campagne internationale pour la sauvegarde et la restauration des jardins étudiés, dont on peut aujourd'hui encore admirer le modèle le plus ancien qui remonte au XIIe siècle.
- Gray, A. (2013): Jardins de Marrakech, Ulmer, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=46170
Nicknamed ‘the rose among the palms’, the thousand-year-old city of Marrakesh is characterised by its pink-colored pisé architecture and its deeply rooted tradition for gardens and green spaces. The majority of historic sites are inextricable from their gardens – or indeed are historic green spaces: the huge royal orchard pleasure-gardens of the Agdal were described by Monty Don as ‘of international cultural importance on a par with Versailles or Villa d’Este’. Scores of traditional riads and hotels like the Mamounia, created by the French in 1923 on the site of an eighteenth-century royal residence, offer splendid gardens to the visitor. Yves Saint Laurent’s Majorelle garden is an icon of modern garden design. The first book to be published on this fascinating subject, Gardens of Marrakesh champions the city’s relevance today in a world of water scarcity and urban development and explores its green heritage, considering some twenty gardens both from an historic and cultural perspective. - Menjili-de Corny, I. (1991): Jardins du Maroc, Temps apprivoisé, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=1117
- El Faïz, M., Gomez Anuarbe, M., Portela Marques, T. (2003): Jardins du Maroc, d'Espagne et du Portugal : un art de vivre partagé, Actes Sud, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458
- El Faïz, M. (1996): Jardins historiques de Marrakech, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=more_results
- Leygonie, A. (2007): Un jardin à Marrakech : Jacques Majorelle, peintre jardinier, 1886-1962, Michalon, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=4226
- Ghachem-Benkirane, N., Saharoff, P. (1990): Marrakech, demeures et jardins secrets, http://mediathequemarrakech.institutfrancais-maroc.com/opac/index.php?lvl=more_results (aperçu Google Books: goo.gl/0hbnxZ)
- Limzah, A. (2002): The Impact of the French Protectorate on Cultural Heritage Management in Morocco: The Case of Marrakesh, University of Illinois, (aperçu Google Books, goo.gl/gj02nO)
- Benzinberg Stein, A. (2007): Morocco: Courtyards and Gardens, Moncelli Press
In the North African land of Morocco, every dar-dwelling, religious institution, or commercial building is organized around an interior, walled courtyard that provides privacy from the bustle of urban streets and an outdoor space for social interaction and tranquil meditation. Over the course of centuries, ornamental schemes have evolved to incorporate not only native plant life but also intricate water features and patterned tile work known as zellij, all of central significance to the Moroccan culture and climate. Vitally important for providing shade and catching breezes in an arid landscape, Moroccan gardens are designed and cultivated with vibrant color and aromatic plants. Author Achva Benzinberg Stein explores the three main types of gardens—the simple and elegant paved patio form of the ouest ed-dar, the more elaborately planted riyad, and the agdal, an open, cultivated landscape. Striking color photographs, including numerous aerial views, show gardens and courtyards in Marrakech, Fez, and elsewhere (disponibilité?) - Conan, M. (ed.) (2008): Gardens, City Life, and Culture. A World Tour, HUP, http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780884023289 (disponibilité?)
- Clark, E. (2004): The Art of the Islamic Garden, Crowood
The Islamic garden is regarded as one of the highest forms of visual art in the civilization of Islam. The principal elements are water and shade; they are also characterized by the chahar-bagh: a four-fold pattern, constructed around a central pool or fountain, with four streams flowing toward the four corners of the earth. Aesthetically, this design provides a striking feature in itself; however, a true appreciation of an Islamic garden is only ever complete with an understanding of the spiritual symbolism manifested in its design and planting. This lavish book provides both an intellectual guide to the symbolism of the Islamic garden and a practical guide to its component parts, with recommendations for suitable trees, shrubs, and flowers and advice on creating an Islamic garden in cooler climates. Garden designer Emma Clark teaches Visual Islamic and Traditional Arts at The Prince’s Foundation, London. (disponibilité?)
